Gingivitis describes inflammation of the gingiva or gums. It is characterised by redness, swelling, and a change in the normal gum contours, a watery discharge and bleeding. If the swelling deepens pockets form between the teeth and the gums, called gingival pockets.

This is a common complaint and can be acute, chronic or recurrent.

Poor dental hygiene is the most common cause, usually precipitated by bacterial plaque which attach to the surface of the teeth. It can also be exacerbated by dental tartar, impacted food particles, faulty dental restorations and mouth breathing.

The main symptom is painful, bleeding gums.

Treatment is by controlling the plaque and any other factors which are contributing to it. Extensive treatment such as scaling, replacement of overhanging fillings and correction of poorly contoured restorations may be needed.

Prevention is by daily removal of plaque with dental floss and a toothbrush, along with regular visits to the dental hygienist.